El fútbol como factor de prevención primaria contra el VIH-SIDA, Malaria, y como elemento de Salud e Higiene Básica en escolares de un centro educativo de Camerún. [Football as a factor of primary prevention on HIV-AIDS, malaria, and basic health and hygiene element, among students in a school of Cameroon].
Palabras clave:
deporte para el desarrollo, fútbol, autoeficacia, salud comunitaria, VIH–SIDA, malaria, higiene básica, sport for development, football, self-efficacy, community health, HIV-AIDS, basic hygiene.Resumen
La prevención de enfermedades en comunidades africanas altamente vulnerables depende en gran medida de la labor educativa, comúnmente llevada a cabo en entornos escolares. La presente investigación tiene como objetivo verificar si el desarrollo de la autoeficacia y el aprendizaje de conceptos sobre VIH-SIDA, malaria, y salud e higiene básica, dirigido a niños y población adolescente de Camerún, resulta más efectivo a través de juegos basados en fútbol, frente a una metodología convencional, basada en charlas y dinámicas en el aula. El método utilizado ha sido un ensayo aleatorio, en el cual, han tomado parte 120 individuos (n=120) de ambos sexos. En el grupo experimental está la población a la cual se le aplica los juegos basados en fútbol como método de prevención y educación para la salud. En el grupo de control están los sujetos a los que se aplican las dinámicas educativas convencionales. La recogida de datos se llevó a cabo mediante cuestionarios, grupos de discusión y entrevistas en profundidad. En los resultados no se apreciaron diferencias significativas entre el grupo de control y el grupo de experimental. Sí se apreció una mayor autoeficacia y adquisición de conocimientos en temas puntuales de salud, por parte del grupo experimental.
Abstract
Disease prevention in highly vulnerable African communities depends largely on educational work, commonly carried out in school settings. This research aims to verify if the development of self-efficacy and learning of health concepts related to HIV-AIDS, malaria, and basic health and hygiene, aimed at children and adolescents in Cameroon, is more effective through games based on football, versus a conventional methodology, based on talks and dynamics in the classroom. The method used was a randomized trial, in which 120 individuals (n = 120) of both sexes took part. In the experimental group is the population to which football-based games are applied as education for health methodology. Control group is formed by individuals to whom, conventional educational dynamics are applied. Data collection was carried out through questionnaires, discussion groups and in-depth interviews. In the results, there were no significant differences between the control group and the experimental group. Greater self-efficacy and knowledge acquisition on specific topics, was rather appreciated by the experimental group.
https://doi.org/10.5232/ricyde2020.06105
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