Relationship between fluid loss variation and physical activity during official games in elite soccer players. [Relaciones entre la variación de pérdida de líquidos y la actividad física durante partidos oficiales en jugadores de fútbol de élite].

Resumen

Abstract

The aim of the present study was to analyse the relationships between fluid ingestion, changes in body mass and physical activity amongst elite soccer players. 32 elite French soccer players were divided into six playing positions: goalkeepers (GK), central defenders (CD), full backs (FB), central midfielders (CM), wide midfielders (WM) and forwards (FW) and participated in official friendly matches within two consecutive pre-season periods. Body mass changes and fluid ingestion were recorded before, during and just after the matches. Time-motion characteristics were also analysed. Players ingested 1.4±0.6 L of fluids during matches and lost 1.4±0.6 kg at the end of the games. WM lost more weight than GK, FB and FW (p<0.05) and CM lost more weight than GK (p<0.05). Furthermore, CD covered significantly less total distance, high (HI) and very high intensity running distance than all other playing positions excluding GK (p<0.05); and WM covered greater distances at HI than all other playing positions. No differences were found in fluid ingestion between playing positions. The results of this study indicate that sweat loss was significantly different when comparing across various playing positions. As a result, sweat lost may be more influenced by HI activity during a game than other physical activity within game scenarios. Therefore, players with the highest amount of HI activities during a match should even more pay attention to their rehydration.

Resumen

El objetivo del presente estudio consistió en analizar las relaciones entre la ingesta de líquidos, cambios en la composición corporal y en la actividad física en jugadores de élite. La muestra estaba compuesta por 32 jugadores franceses de élite divididos en seis posiciones de juego: porteros (P), defensas centrales (DC), laterales (L), mediocentros (M), Extremos (E) y delanteros (D). Se registraron en dos partidos amistosos jugados en la pretemporada. Los cambios en composición corporal y la ingesta de líquidos se realizaron antes, durante y después de los partidos. Los datos sobre rendimiento físico también fueron registrados. Los jugadores tomaron 1.4±0.6 L de líquidos durante los partidos y perdieron 1.4±0.6 L al terminar los mismos. Los E perdieron más peso que los P, L y D (p<0.05) y los M más que los P (p<0.05). Asimismo, los DC corrieron menos distancia total, a alta (HI) y muy alta intensidad que el resto de puestos de juego, con excepción de los P (p<0.05); y los E recorrieron más distancias a HI que los otros puestos de juego. No se encontraron diferencias sobre la ingesta de líquidos entre puestos de juego. Los resultados del estudio indican que la pérdida de líquidos por sudor fue diferente entre los puestos de juego. De modo que la pérdida de sudor pudo afectar la actividad a HI durante el partido por encima de otros parámetros físicos en los escenarios de competición. Por lo tanto, los jugadores con mayor actividad a HI en los partidos deberían tener una mayor atención a los aspectos de rehidratación.

https://doi.org/10.5232/ricyde2018.05101

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