Efectos de un entrenamiento pliométrico en extremidades superiores e inferiores en el rendimiento físico en jóvenes tenistas. [Effects of upper and lower body plyometric training on physical performance in young tennis players].

Resumen

El objetivo del presente estudio fue evaluar el efecto de un entrenamiento pliométrico (ejercicios en extremidades superiores e inferiores) en acciones físicas explosivas específicas en jóvenes tenistas. Veintiún jóvenes tenistas (11 chicos, 10 chicas; media de edad 14.33 ± 1.77 años) participaron en el presente estudio y fueron divididos de forma no aleatoria en grupo control, el cual continuó con su entrenamiento habitual de preparación física y en experimental, al que se le sustituyó su entrenamiento de preparación física habitual por un programa de entrenamiento pliométrico dos veces por semana durante un período de 8 semanas. Las variables de rendimiento fueron analizadas a través de diferentes valoraciones: un sprint de 20 metros (tiempos parciales 5m, 10m y 15m), un sprint de 5 + 5 metros con un cambio de dirección de 180º, un test de salto con contramovimiento bilateral (CMJ) y unilateral, un test de lanzamiento de balón medicinal a la máxima distancia (BM), un test de velocidad de servicio y un test de salto horizontal bilateral (SH) y unilateral (SHU). El efecto producido por el entrenamiento fue calculado en base al tamaño del efecto. Todas las variables de rendimiento fueron mejoradas en ambos grupos en comparación con los valores del pre-test. Además, el grupo experimental obtuvo mejoras sustanciales con respecto al grupo control en el SH, SHU, CMJ Y BM. Por lo tanto, el programa de entrenamiento pliométrico podría considerarse como un estímulo efectivo en la mejora de las acciones explosivas en jóvenes tenistas.

Abstract

The aim of the current study was to assess the effect of plyometric training (upper and lower body exercises) in explosive actions in young tennis players. Twenty-one young tennis players (11 males, 10 females, age 14.33 ± 1.77 years old) participated in the present study and were divided, in a non-randomized manner, into a control group which continued with a regular physical training and in a experimental group, which performed a biweekly plyometric training instead of the habitual fitness training during an 8-week period. Performance variables were assessed through several assessments; a 20-m sprint test (split 5m, 10m and 15m), a 5 + 5 m sprint with a 180º change of direction test, a bilateral (CMJ) and unilateral countermouvement jump test, a maximum distance medicine ball throw test (BM), a speed serve test and a bilateral (SH) and unilateral (SHU) standing broad jump test. Performance’s effect was calculated based on the effect size. All performance variables were improved in both group compared to the pre-test. Furthermore, substantial greater enhancements were obtained in SH, SHU, CMJ and BM in the experimental group in comparison to the control group. Therefore, the plyometric training program might be considered as an effective stimulus to improve explosive actions in young tennis players.

https://doi.org/10.5232/ricyde2017.04903

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