Efectos en el rendimiento físico a corto plazo de dos programas de entrenamiento neuromuscular con diferente orientación aplicados en jugadores de fútbol de élite U-17. [Short-term physical performance effects of two different neuromuscular oriented training programs on U-17 elite soccer players].

Autores/as

  • Javier Raya-González Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Sevilla Córdoba C.F., Departamento de Preparación Física
  • Luis Suárez-Arrones Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Sevilla
  • Manuel Moreno-Puentedura Córdoba C.F., Departamento de Preparación Física
  • Jesús Ruiz-Márquez Córdoba C.F., Departamento de Preparación Física
  • Eduardo Sáez de Villarreal Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Sevilla

Palabras clave:

capacidad de salto, velocidad media propulsiva, sobrecarga excéntrica, sprint lineal, cambio de dirección, jumping ability, mean propulsive velocity, eccentric-overload, linear sprint, change-of-direction

Resumen

El objetivo de este trabajo fue comparar el efecto de dos programas de entrenamiento neuromuscular (orientación vertical vs horizontal), realizados durante 6 semanas, sobre el rendimiento físico en jugadores de fútbol. Dieciséis futbolistas de 16,6 ± 0,3 años fueron asignados de manera aleatoria en dos grupos experimentales que complementaron su entrenamiento habitual de fútbol con un programa de entrenamiento neuromuscular dos días a la semana. El entrenamiento del grupo vertical (n=8, GV) consistió en los ejercicios ½ sentadilla y squat lateral realizados en un dispositivo inercial, y salto vertical al cajón, y el entrenamiento del grupo horizontal (n=8, GH) estuvo basado en ejercicios resistidos de sprint lineal y con cambio de dirección (COD). Antes y después del periodo de intervención se midió la altura de salto vertical, el tiempo de sprint lineal y COD y la potencia del tren inferior. Se obtuvieron mejoras sustanciales (probables a muy probables) en GV en salto con contramovimiento (CMJ) [TE: 0,49, VC: Probable (93/7/0%)], test de Abalakov (ABK) [TE: 0,38, VC: Probable (83/16/1%)] y velocidad media propulsiva (VMP) en todas las cargas utilizadas, además de empeorar el tiempo de sprint lineal y COD hacia la izquierda (COD-I). El GH mejoró sustancialmente el tiempo de sprint 10m [TE = 0,63, VC: Muy Probable (98/2/0%)], COD hacia la derecha (COD-D) [TE = 0,36, VC: Probable (76/23/1%)], COD-I [TE = 0,34, VC: Probable (80/19/1%)], y VMP con 15-30-50kg, además de una posible mejora en el tiempo de sprint en 20 y 30m. El análisis inter-grupos mostró mejoras sustanciales mayores en GV en CMJ [TE = 0,39, VC: Muy Probable (76/22/0%)], y en GH en tiempo de sprint en 10-20-30m y COD hacia la derecha (COD-D). Los resultados obtenidos sugieren que el entrenamiento del GH es más efectivo en la optimización de la condición física específica del futbolista.

Abstract

The aim of this research was to compare the effects of two different neuromuscular training programs (vertical vs. horizontal orientation), conducted during 6 weeks, on the physical performance of soccer players in-season. Sixteen soccer players of 16.6 ± 0.3 years were randomly assigned to two equally large experimental groups, and both supplemented the soccer training with a specific neuromuscular training program 2 days/week. Vertical group´s training (n=8, VG) was composed by half-squat using a flywheel device and vertical jump to box and horizontal group´s training (n=8, HG) consisted on linear and non-linear resisted sprints. Before and after the training period jumping ability, linear and non-linear sprint and lower-limb power were measured. Substantial improvements (likely to very likely) were found in the VG in countermovement jump (CMJ) (ES: 0.49), Abalakov test (ABK) (ES: 0.38) and Mean Propulsive Velocity (all load measured), in addition to decrease the performance in linear and non-linear sprint (COD-L). The HG improved substantially in 10m sprint (Effect size [ES]: 0.63), COD-R (ES: 0.36), COD-L (ES: 0.34) and in Mean Propulsive Velocity in 15-30-50kg. Furthermore, a possible improvement in 20 and 30m sprint was also reported in HG. Between-groups analysis showed greater substantial improvements in VG in CMJ (ES: 0.39), and in HG in 10-20-30m sprint and COD-R. The results obtained suggest that horizontal group´s training program could be more effective in order to optimize the specific physical condition of the soccer players.

https://doi.org/10.5232/ricyde2017.04801

Referencias/references

Bachero-Mena, B., & González-Badillo, J.J. (2014). Effects of resisted sprint training on acceleration with three different loads accounting for 5, 12.5, and 20% of body mass. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 28, 2954-2960.
https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC

Buchheit, M.; Mendez-Villanueva, A.; Delhomel, G.; Brughelli, M., & Ahmaidi, S. (2010). Improving repeated sprint ability in young elite soccer players: repeated shuttle sprint vs explosive strength training. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 24, 2715-2722.
https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC

Bush, M.; Barnes, C.; Archer, D.T.; Hogg, B., & Bradley, P.S. (2015). Evolution of match performance parameters for various playing positions in the English Premier League. Human Movement Science, 39, 1-11.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.humov.2014.10.003

Campos-Vazquez, M.A.; Romero-Boza, S.; Toscano-Bendala, F.J.; Leon-Prados, J.A.; Suarez-Arrones, L.J., & Gonzalez-Jurado, J.A. (2015). Comparison of the effect of repeated-sprint training combined with two different methods of strength training on young soccer players. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 29(3), 744-751.
https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0000000000000700

Castagna, C.; D’Ottavio, S., & Abt, G. (2003). Activity profile of young soccer players during actual match play. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 17, 775–780.

Chelly, M.S.; Fathloun, M.; Cherif, N.; Ben Amar, M.; Tabka, Z., & Van Praagh, E. (2009). Effects of a back squat training program on leg power, jump, and sprint performances in junior soccer players. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 23(8), 2241-2249.
https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0b013e3181b86c40

Chelly, M.S.; Ghenem, M.A.; Abid, K.; Hermassi, S.; Tabka, Z., & Shephard, R.J. (2010). Effects of in-season short-term plyometric training program on leg power, jump and sprint performance of soccer players. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 24(10), 2670-2676.
https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0b013e3181e2728f

Clark, K.P.; Stearne, D.J.; Walts, C.T., & Miller, A.D. (2010). The longitudinal effects of resisted sprint training using weighted sleds vs. weighted vests. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 24, 3287-3295.
https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0b013e3181b62c0a

Cohen, J. (1988). Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences (2nd ed.). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Earlbaum Associates.

Comfort, P.; Stewart, A.; Bloom, L., & Clarkson, B. Relationships between strength, sprint, and jump performance in well-trained youth soccer players. (2014). Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 28, 173-177.
https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0b013e318291b8c7

Cronin, J. B., & Hansen, K. T. (2005). Strength and power predictors of sports speed. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 19(2), 349–357.

De Hoyo, M.; Pozzo, M.; Sañudo, B.; Carrasco, L.; Gonzalo-Skok, O.; Domínguez-Cobo, S., & Morán-Camacho, E. (2015). Effects of a 10-week in-season eccentric-overload training program on muscle-injury prevention and performance in junior elite soccer players. International Journal of  Sports Physiology and Performance, 10(1), 46-52.
https://doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2013-0547

Di Salvo, V.; Baron, R.; Tschan, H.; Calderon-Montero, F. J.; Bachl, N., & Pigozzi, F. (2007). Performance characteristics according to playing position in elite soccer. International Journal of Sports Medicine, 28(3), 222-227.

Gorostiaga, E.; Izquierdo, M.; Ruesta, M.; Iribarren, J.; González-Badillo, J.J., & Ibáñez, J. (2004). Strength training effects on physical performance and serum hormones in young soccer players. European Journal of Applied Physiology, 91, 698–707.

Gathercole, R.J.; Sporer, B.C.; Stellingwerff, T., & Sleivert, G.G. (2015). Comparison of the Capacity of Different Jump and Sprint Field Tests to Detect Neuromuscular Fatigue. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 29, 2522-2531.
https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0000000000000912

Hader, K.; Palazzi, D., & Buchheit, M. (2015). Change of direction speed in soccer: How much braking is enough? Kinesiology, 47(1), 67-47.

Hoff, J., & Helgerud, J. (2004). Endurance and strength training for soccer players: physiological considerations. Sports Medicine, 34, 165-180.

Hopkins, W.G.; Marshall, S.W.; Batterham, A.M., & Hanin, J. (2009). Progressive statistics for studies in sports medicine and exercise science. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 41, 3–13.
https://doi.org/10.1249/MSS.0b013e31818cb278

Iaia, F.M.; Fiorenza, M.; Perri, E.; Alberti, G.; Millet, G.P., & Bangsbo, J. (2015). The Effect of Two Speed Endurance Training Regimes on Performance of Soccer Players. PLoS One, 10,(9)e0138096.
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0138096

López-Segovia, M.; Palao, J.M., & González-Badillo, J.J. (2010). Effect of 4 months of training on aerobic power, strength, and acceleration in two under-19 soccer teams. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 19 (10), 2705-2714.
https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0b013e3181cc237d

Los Arcos, A.; Yanci, J.; Mendiguchia, J.; Salinero, J.J.; Brughelli, M., & Castagna, C. (2014). Short-term training effects of vertically and horizontally oriented exercises on neuromuscular performance in professional soccer players. International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance, 9(3), 480-488.
https://doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2013-0063

Luteberget, L.S.; Raastad, T.; Seynnes, O., & Spencer, M. (2015). Effect of traditional and resisted sprint training in highly trained female team handball players. International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance, 10, 642-647.

https://doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2014-0276

Marques, M.C.; Pereira, A.; Reis, I.G., & van den Tillaar, R. (2013). Does an in-Season 6-Week Combined Sprint and Jump Training Program Improve Strength-Speed Abilities and Kicking Performance in Young Soccer Players? Journal of Human Kinetics, 31(39), 157-166.
https://doi.org/10.2478/hukin-2013-0078

Maulder, P., & Cronin, J. (2005). Horizontal and vertical jump assessment: Reliability, symmetry, discriminative and predictive ability. Physical Therapy in Sport, 6, 74-82.

Meylan, C., & Malatesta, D. (2009). Effects of in-season plyometric training within soccer practice on explosive actions of young players. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 23(9), 2605-2613.
https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0b013e3181b1f330

Michailidis, Y.; Fatouros, I.G.; Primpa, E.; Michailidis, C.; Avloniti, A.; Chatzinikolaou, A.; Barbero-Álvarez, J.C.; Tsoukas, D.; Douroudos, I.I.; Draganidis, D.; Leontsini, D.; Margonis, K.; Berberidou, F., & Kambas, A. (2013). Plyometrics’ trainability in pre-adolescent soccer athletes. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 27(1), 38–49.
https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0b013e3182541ec6

Ramírez-Campillo, R.; Gallardo, F.; Henriquez-Olguín, C.; Meylan, C.M.; Martínez, C.; Álvarez, C.; Caniuqueo, A.; Cadore, E.L., & Izquierdo, M. (2015). Effect of Vertical, Horizontal, and Combined Plyometric Training on Explosive, Balance, and Endurance Performance of Young Soccer Players. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 29(7), 1784-1795.
https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0000000000000827

Reilly, T.; Bangsbo, J., & Franks, A. (2000). Anthropometric and physiological predispositions for elite soccer. Journal of Sports Sciences, 18, 669–683.

Ronnestad, B.R.; Kvamme, N.H.; Sunde, A., & Raastad, T. (2008). Short-term effects of strength and plyometric training on sprint and jump performance in professional soccer players. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 22(3), 773-780.
https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0b013e31816a5e86

Ross, A.; Leveritt, M., & Riek, S. (2001). Neural influences on sprint running. Training adaptations and acute responses. Sports Medicine, 31, 409–425.

Sáez de Villarreal, E.; Suarez-Arrones, L.; Requena, B.; Haff, G.G, & Ramos-Veliz, R. (2014). Effects of dry-land vs. in-water specific strength training on professional male water polo players' performance. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 28, 3179-3188.
https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0000000000000514

Sáez de Villarreal, E.; Suarez-Arrones, L.; Requena, B.; Haff, G.G, & Ferrete, C. (2015). Effects of Plyometric and Sprint Training on Physical and Technical Skill Performance in Adolescent Soccer Players. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 29(7), 1894-1903.
https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0000000000000838

Sánchez-Sánchez, J.; Hernández, C.; Marcos, V.; González, A., & Carretero, M. (2016). Efecto de un entrenamiento intermitente con y sin cambios de dirección, sobre el rendimiento físico de jóvenes futbolistas. RETOS. Nuevas Tendencias en Educación Física, Deporte y Recreación, 30, 70-75.

Sander, A.; Keiner, M.; Wirth, K., & Schmidtbleicher, D. (2013). Influence of a 2-year strength training programme on power performance in elite youth soccer players. European Journal of  Sport Sciences, 13(5), 445-451.
https://doi.org/10.1080/17461391.2012.742572

Suarez-Arrones, L.; Tous-Fajardo, J.; Núñez, J.; Gonzalo-Skok, O.; Gálvez, J., & Méndez-Villanueva, A. (2014). Concurrent repeated-sprint and resistance training with superimposed vibrations in rugby players. International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance, 9(4), 667-673.
https://doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2013-0238

Thomas, K.; French, D., & Hayes, P.R. (2009). The effect of two plyometric training techniques on muscular power and agility in youth soccer players. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 23(1), 332-335.
https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0b013e318183a01a

Wong, P.L.; Chamari, K., & Wisløff, U. (2010). Effects of 12-week on-field combined strength and power training on physical performance among U-14 young soccer players. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 24, 644-652.
https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0b013e3181ad3349

Descargas

Archivos adicionales

Publicado

2016-11-29

Número

Sección

Artículos/articles