Composición y equilibrio corporal de personas con discapacidad intelectual: estudio descriptivo. [Body composition and body balance in people with intellectual disabilities: a descriptive study].

Resumen

Objetivo: Evaluar la composición corporal y el equilibrio corporal de adultos con discapacidad intelectual. Métodos: Estudio transversal descriptivo y comparación de resultados con valores de referencia presentados en población sin discapacidad. La muestra estuvo compuesta por 86 hombres y 36 mujeres con discapacidad intelectual con edades comprendidas entre los 21 y los 60 años. Se evaluaron el equilibrio estático, dinámico y la composición corporal mediante las pruebas del Alpha-Fit Test Battery for Adults. Resultados: Los resultados obtenidos por los participantes fueron comparados con valores de referencia de personas sin discapacidad y se muestran como media y desviación típica para diferentes grupos de edad. Los análisis descriptivos mostraron que las personas con discapacidad obtuvieron resultados relacionados con un alto riesgo de enfermedad cardiovascular en relación a la composición corporal, presentando la mayoría de ellos sobrepeso y valores elevados de circunferencia de cintura. En relación al equilibrio, tanto en posiciones estáticas como dinámicas, los participantes presentaron resultados vinculados a una baja condición física. Conclusiones: La composición corporal y la capacidad de equilibrio de las personas con discapacidad intelectual evaluadas en el presente estudio son comparables a la de adultos mayores sin discapacidad de referencia.

Abstract

Purpose: To assess body composition and body balance, both static and dynamic, of adults with intellectual disabilities. Methods: A cross sectional descriptive study was used. 86 men and 36 women with intellectual disabilities participated in the study (21-60 years old). The Alpha-Fit Test Battery for Adults was used to evaluate dynamic and static balance and body composition. Results: Results were compared to published reference values from people without disabilities. Results are showed as mean and standard deviation for each age group. Body composition variables of participants with intellectual disabilities were related to high risk of cardiovascular disease: Most of them presented overweight and high values of waist circumference. Relates to body balance, both static and dynamic, people with disabilities showed performances related to a very low physical condition. Conclusion: In the present study people with intellectual disabilities of any age showed results related to body composition and body balance comparable to older adults without disabilities.

http://dx.doi.org/10.5232/ricyde2016.04604

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