Towards a Theory of Surfing Expansion: The Beginnings of Surfing in Spain as a Case Study. [Hacia una teoría de la expansión del surf: Los comienzos del surf en España como estudio de caso].
Palabras clave:
history, surfing, pioneers, foreigners, mass-media, spain.Resumen
Surfing is today a popular sport which has been studied from many disciplines. Surfing expanded from U.S. to the rest of the world. With respect to history of (sport) surfing, there were at least two fundamental topics which need to be explored and developed: I) Explore the genesis of surfing in Europe. II) Develop a theoretical framework on the history of surfing expansion since this field has remained almost neglected up until now. This article is the first attempt to develop a theoretical framework of surfing expansion. In doing so, it will be focused on the genesis of surfing in Europe in general, but concretely Spain as a case study. The first step was to examine the origins of surfing and its expansion before arriving to Spain (Australia, Peru, Britain, France and Portugal). Later on, it was needed to determine who were the pioneers in Spain, and how, when and where they “discovered” surfing, and thus how, when and where they obtained or made their surfboards. After comparing all the information, it has been possible to formulate a theoretical framework and make a classification according to four types or patterns of surfing genesis, based on the various forms of foreign influence: 1) endogenous genesis (no foreign influence); 2) quasi-endogenous (foreign influence through mass-media, yet pioneers made their own surfboards); 3) exogenous (surfing began as a result of direct contact with foreigners); 4) mixed.
Resumen
El surf es en la actualidad un deporte estudiado desde muy diversas disciplinas. El surf se expandió desde EEUU al resto del mundo. Con respecto a la historia del surf (y del deporte) hay al menos dos aspectos fundamentales que necesitan ser explorados y trabajados: I) Explorar la génesis del surf en Europa; II) Iniciar la creación de un marco teórico sobre la expansión del surf, aspecto éste abandonado hasta el momento. Este artículo se trata del primer intento que se propone tal reto. Así, este trabajo se enfoca en la génesis del surf en Europa en general, y concretamente España como estudio de caso. El primer paso fue examinar los orígenes el surf y su expansión antes de llegar a España (Australia, Peru, Gran Brataña, Francia y Portugal). Posteriormente, se determina quiénes fueron los pioneros en España, y cómo, dónde y cuándo “descubrieron” el surf, y por tanto, cómo , dónde y cuándo consiguieron o hicieron sus tablas de surf. Una vez comparada toda la información, ha sido posible formular un marco teórico y realizar una clasificación de acuerdo a cuatro tipos de modelo de génesis, basado en los diferentes grados de influencia extranjera: 1) génesis endógena (sin influencia extranjera); 2) quasi-endógena (influencia extranjera a través de los mass-media, pero los pioneros se hacen sus tablas); 3) exógena (los extranjeros influyen directamente en el inicio del surf); 4) mixta.
http://dx.doi.org/10.5232/ricyde2016.04408
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