Efectos de un entrenamiento con juegos reducidos sobre la técnica y la condición física de jóvenes futbolistas. [Effects of small-sided games training on technique and physical condition of young footballers].

Resumen

Durante años los programas de preparación del futbolista carecieron de la especificidad necesaria, confiando el entrenamiento de la mejora de aspectos técnicos y físicos en tareas analíticas y atléticas. El objetivo del estudio ha sido evaluar los efectos de un programa de entrenamiento de juegos reducidos, sobre la técnica y la condición física en futbolistas jóvenes. Los 36 futbolistas participantes (12,69±0,48 años de edad; 39,77±6,20 kg de peso; 146,31±6,36 cm) realizaron 15 sesiones configuradas por juegos reducidos de fútbol (2 contra 2, 4 contra 4 y 8 contra 8). Estas actividades ocupaban 40 minutos de la sesión y se realizaban 2 veces a la semana. El futbolista fue evaluado en dos ocasiones (pre-test y post-test), por medio de 8 test de campo: conducción lineal de balón, conducción de balón y giro, regate, golpeo de balón con la cabeza, tiro a portería con el pie, resistencia aeróbica, salto horizontal y agilidad. El análisis a través de la prueba estadística t de Student, reflejó mejoras significativas en la conducción y el regate (p≤0,01). Con respecto a las variables físicas, sólo hubo mejoras significativas en la agilidad y la resistencia (p≤0,05). Los juegos de fútbol reducido son un estímulo eficaz para la mejora de la ejecución de ciertos gestos técnicos y algunos elementos de la condición física en jóvenes futbolistas. El uso de estas tareas permitirá aprovechar mejor el tiempo e incrementar la especificidad de la intervención.

Abstract

For years soccer training programs were not specific, and improve technical and analytical exercises were used physical and athletic. The objective of the study was to assess the effects of a training program with small-sided games, over the technique and the physical condition in young footballers. Thirty-six players (12,69±0,48 years old; 39,77±6,20 kg; 146,31±6,36 cm) developed fifteen sessions based on reduced football games (2 vs 2, 4 vs 4 and 8 vs 8). These activities lasted 40 minutes of the session and were performed 2 times a week. The footballer was evaluated twice (pre-test and post-test) through 8 field test: run with the ball, run with the ball and turn, dribbling, header, shot on goal, aerobic resistance, horizontal jump and agility. The statistical analysis by Student's t test reflected significant improvements in driving and dribbling (p≤0,01). Respect to physical variables there were significant improvements in agility and resistance (p≤0,05). The small-sided games are an effective stimulus to improve the execution of certain technical gestures and elements of the physical condition in young players. Use small-sided game can make your time and increase the specificity of the intervention.

http://dx.doi.org/10.5232/ricyde2014.03704

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