Apoio social e diversidade geracional: o potencial da LSNS-6

Susana Villas-Boas Villas-Boas; Albertina Lima Oliveira; Natália Ramos; Inmaculada Montero

doi:10.7179/PSRI_2018.31.14

Authors

Susana Villas-Boas Villas-Boas Universidade de Coimbra http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3937-3229
Albertina Lima Oliveira Universidade de Coimbra
Natália Ramos Universidade Aberta de Lisboa
Inmaculada Montero Universidade de Granada

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.7179/PSRI_2018.31.14

Keywords:

social support, social network, intergenerational programs, LSNS-6

Abstract

This article aims to deepen the knowledge of the social support of a local commu¬nity population through a quantitative study in which the authors sought to know how social support varies depending on age subgroups, and how it is related to key socio-demographic variables. The sample comprised 385 subjects from the parish of Bonfim in the city of Porto, divided into three age groups: youth and young adults (n=165), middle-aged adults (n=110) and elderly adults (n=110). The statistical analyses allowed us to conclude that age is in itself a risk factor, but it is also significantly associated with the following characteristics: being a woman, having low levels of education, low income, living alone or institutionalized, being a widow, being divorced/separated, being unemployed or retired. The knowledge and information re¬sulting from this study is an important contribution to the organization of social intervention strategies, namely through Intergenerational Programs that could be seen as a planning tool to expand and strengthen binding social networks, contributing to the well-being, quality of life and social integration not only of the elderly, but also of different generations and groups identified as being potentially at risk. The innovative aspect of this study was the validation of the abbreviated version of the Lubben Social Network Saclae (LSNS-6) – originally developed for the elderly group – for all age groups.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Author Biographies

Susana Villas-Boas Villas-Boas, Universidade de Coimbra

Bolseira de doutoramento da Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia, professora convidada da Faculdade de Psicologia e de Ciências da Educação da Universidade de Coimbra, desde 2014. Investigadora do Centro de Estudos das Migrações e das Relações Interculturais (CEMRI) da Universidade Aberta de Lisboa e do Centro de Estudos Interdisciplinares do Século XX (CEIS20) da Universidade de Coimbra.

Albertina Lima Oliveira, Universidade de Coimbra

Ph.D em Ciências da Educação especialidade em Educação Permanente e formação de adultos pela Universidade de Coimbra, professora auxiliar da Faculdade de Psicologia e Ciências da Educação da Universidade de Coimbra e investigadora do Centro de Estudos Interdisciplinares do Século XX da mesma Universidade (CEIS20).

Natália Ramos, Universidade Aberta de Lisboa

Ph.D em Psicologia pela Universidade René Decartes, Paris, professora associada da Universidade Aberta de Lisboa, Diretora do Centro de Estudos das Migrações e das Relações Interculturais da Universidade Aberta – CEMRI-UAb e investigadora e coordenadora do grupo Saúde, Cultura e Desenvolvimento do mesmo centro.

Inmaculada Montero, Universidade de Granada

Ph.D em Pedagogia pela Universidade de Granada, Espanha, e professora doutora contratada colaboradora da Faculdade de Ciências da Educação, do Departamento de Pedagogia da Universidade de Granada

References

Antonucci, T., & Akiyama, H. (1987). An examination of sex differences in social support among older men and women, Sex Roles, 17, 737-749.

Antonucci, T. (1990). Social supports and social relationships. In R.H. Binstock & L.K. George (Eds.), Handbook of aging and the social sciences (pp.205-266). San Diego: Academic Press.

Berkman, L., & Glass, T. (2000). Social integration, social networks, social support, and health. In L.F. Berkman & I. Ka¬wachi (Eds.), Social epidemiology (pp.137-173). New York: Oxford University Press.

Bishop, A., Martin, P., & Poon, L. (2006). Happiness and congruence in older adulthood: A structural model of life satis¬faction. Aging & Mental Health, 10(5), 445-453. DOI:10.1080/13607860600638388.

Bowling, A., Farquhar, M., & Browne, P. (1991). Life satisfaction and associations with social network and support varia¬bles in three samples of elderly people. International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 6, 549-566.

Bressler, J., Henkin, N., & Adler M. (2005). Connecting generations, strengthening communities: A toolkit for intergene¬rational program planners. Philadelphia, Center for Intergenerational Learning: Temple University.

Cukrowicz, K., Franzese, A., Thorp, S., Cheavens, J., & Lynch T. (2008). Personality traits and perceived social support among depressed older adults. Aging & Mental Health, 12(5), 662-669. DOI: 10.1080/13607860802343258.

Cummings, S. (2002). Predictors of psychological well-being among assisted-living residents. Health & Social Work, 27(4), 293-302.

Emlet, C. (2006). An examination of the social networks and social isolation in older and younger adults living with HIV/ AIDS. Health & Social Work, 31(4); 299-308.

Esgalhado, M.G, Reis, M., Pereira, H., & Afonso, R. (2010). Influence of social support on the psychological well-being and mental health of older adults living in assisted-living residences. International Journal of Developmental and Educational Psychology, 1, 267-278.

Fernández-Ballesteros, R., Moya, R., Iñiguez, J., & Zamarrón, M.D. (1999). Qué es la psicología de la vejez. Madrid: Bi-blioteca Nueva.

Granville, G. (2002). A Review of intergenerational practice in the UK. Stoke-on-Trent: The Beth Johnson Foundation.

Guerette, A., & Smeda, S. (2011). The relationship of perceived social support whith well-being in adults whith visual impairments. Journal of Visual Impairment & Blindness, 105(7), 425-439.

Guzmán, J.M., Huenchuan, S., & Montes de Oca, V. (2003). Redes de apoyo social de las personas mayores: Marco conceptual. In Notas de Población (pp.35-70). Santiago, Chile: CEPAL/CELADE.

Hatton-Yeo, A., & Ohsako, T. (Eds.)(2000). Intergenerational programmes: Public policy and research implications: An international perspective. Hamburg, Germany: UNESCO Institute for Education.

Honeycutt, J., Nasser, K., Banner, J., Mapp, C., & Dupont, B. (2008). Individual differences in catharsis, emotional va¬lence, trauma anxiety, and social networks among hurricane Katrina and Rita victims, Southern. Communication Journal, 73(3), 229-242. DOI:10.1080/10417940802219728.

Jong, K., Mooienaar, N., Osagie, E., & Phielix, C. (2016). Valuable connections: A social capital perspective on teachers´¬social networks, commitment and self-efficacy. Pedagogia Social. Revista Interuniversitaria, 28, 71-84.

Khan, R., & Antonucci, T. (1980). Convoys over the life course: Attachment, roles and social support. In P.B. Baltes & O. Brim (Eds.), Life-span development and behavior (pp. 254-283). Boston: Lexington.

Longás, J. (2016). Redes territoriales de acción socioeducativa, una apuesta por la innovación social colaborativa. Peda¬gogia Social. Revista Interuniversitaria, 28, 13-15. DOI: 10. SE7179/PSRI_2016.28.01.

Lubben, J. (1988). Assessing social networks among elderly populations. Family and Community Health, 11(3), 42-52.

Lubben, J., Blozik, E. Gillmann, G., Liffe, S., & Kruse, W.R. (2006). Performance of an abbreviated version of the Lub-ben Social Network Scale among three European community-dwelling older adult populations. The Gerontologist, 46(4), 503-513.

MacCallum, J., Palmer, D., Wright, P., Cumming-Potvin, W., Northcote, J., Booker, M., & Tero, C. (2006). Community building through intergenerational exchange programs. Australia: National Youth Affairs Research Scheme.

MacCallum, J., Palmer, D., Wright, P., Cumming-Potvin, W., Brooker, M., & Tero, C. (2010). Australian Perspectives: Community building through intergenerational exchange rograms. Journal of Intergenerational Relationships, 8(2), 113-127.

Martins, P. (2010). Redes sociais como novo marco interpretativo das mobilizações coletivas contemporâneas. Cader¬nos CRH, 23(59), 401-418. DOI: 10.1590/S0103-49792010000200013.

Mazzella, F., Cacciatore, F., Galizia, G., Della-Morte, D., Rosseti, M., ... Pasquale, A. (2010). Social support and long-term mortality in the elderly: Role of comorbidity. Archives Of Gerontology and Geriatrics, 51(3), 323-328. DOI: 10.1016/j. archger.2010.01.011.

Mohamad, N., Alavi, K., Mohamad, M., Mohamad N.S., & Sallem, M. (2016). Effect of intergenerational social support and loneliness on subjective wellbeing of institutionalized Malaysian elders. International Journal of Management and Applied Science, 2, 128-133.

Oliveira, A.L., Lima, M.P., & Silva, J.T. (2016). Envelhecimento e saúde: Escala de Autoeficácia para a Autodireção na Saúde. Revista de Saúde Pública, 50(40), 1-9. DOI:10.1590/S1518-8787.2016050006312.

Perez A., & Montero, I. (2016). De sustentados a sustentadores: El rol de las personas mayores en la familia durante la crisis económica. ReiDoCrea, 5, 40-55.

Pinto, J., Garcia A., Bocchi, S., & Carvalhaes, M.A. (2006). Caraterísticas do apoio social oferecido a idosos de área rural assistida pelo PSF. Ciência e Saúde Coletiva, 11(3), 753-764. DOI: 10.1590/S1413-81232006000300023.

Portero, C. & Oliva, A. (2007). Social support, psychological well-being and health among the elderly. Educational Ge¬rontology, 33, 1053-1068. DOI: 10.1080/03601270701700458.

Power, M. & Maluccio, A. (1999). Intergenerational approaches to helping families at risk. Generations, 22(24), 37-42.

Ramos, N. (2004). Psicologia clínica e da saúde. Lisboa: Universidade Aberta.

Ramos N. (2005a). Famílias e crianças em contexto de pobreza e exclusão - Do desenvolvimento à saúde e à educação. Psychologica, 38, 241- 263.

Ramos, N. (2005b). Relações e solidariedades intergeracionais na família- Dos avós aos netos. Revista Portuguesa de Pedagogia, 39(1), 195-216.

Ramos, N. (2008). Família, cultura e relações intergeracionais. In: Actas do congresso solidariedade intergeracional (pp.315-329). Lisboa: CEMRI Universidade Aberta.

Ramos, N. (2013). Relationships and intergenerational solidarities – Social, educational and health challenges. In A. Oliveira (Coord.), Promoting conscious and active learning and aging: How to face current and future challenges? (pp.129-145). Coimbra: Imprensa da Universidade de Coimbra. DOI: 10.14195/978-989-26-0732-0.

Ribeiro, O., Teixeira, L., Duarte, N., Azevedo, M.J., Araújo, L., Barbosa & S. Paúl, C. (2012). Versão portuguesa da Escala Breve de Redes Sociais de Lubben (LSNS-6). Revista Temática Kairós Gerontologia, 15(1), 217-234.

Rosa, T., Benício M., Alves, M., & Lebrão, M. (2007). Aspetos estruturais e funcionais do apoio social de idosos do Muni¬cípio de São Paulo, Brasil. Cadernos de Saúde Pública, 23(12), 2982-2992. DOI: 10.1590/S0102-311X2007001200019.

Rubbinstein, R., Lubben, J., & Mintzer, J. (1994). Social isolation and social support: An applied perspective. The Journal of Applied Gerontology, 13(1), 58-72.

Sánchez, M. (2007). (Dir.). La evaluación de los programas intergeracionales. IMSERSO: Madrid.

Santos, Z. (2009). Older adult, social networks and social integration. Trabajo Social, 11, 159-174.

Souza, E., & Grundy, E. (2007). Intergenerational interaction, social capital and health: results from a randomized con¬trolled trial in Brazil. Social Science and Medicine, 65(7), 1397-1409. DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2007.05.022.

Souza, E. (2011). Integração intergeracional, capital social e saúde: arcabouço teórico e resultados de um estudo quali¬tativo. Ciência & Saúde Coletiva, 16(3), 1733-1744. DOI: 10.1590/S1413-81232011000300010.

Stringhini, S., Berkman, L., Dugravot, A., Ferrie, J., Mamot, M., Kivimaki, M., & Singh-Manoux, A. (2012). Socioeconomic status, structural and funtional measures of social support, and mortality - The british whitehall II cohort study, 1985–2009. American Journal of Epidemiology, 175(12), 1275-1283. 10.1093/aje/kwr461.

Villas-Boas, S., Oliveira, A., Ramos, N., & Montero I. (2015). Elaboração de programas intergeracionais: O desenho do perfil comunitário. Educação, Sociedade & Culturas, 44, 31-47. Retrieved from http://www.fpce.up.pt/ciie/sites/de¬fault/files/ESC44_VillasBoas.pdf.

Villas-Boas, S., Oliveira, A., Ramos, N., & Montero I. (2016). A educação intergeracional no quadro da educação ao lon¬go da vida - Desafios intergeracionais, sociais e pedagógicos. Investigar em Educação, II(5), 117-141. Retrieved from http://pages.ie.uminho.pt/inved/index.php/ie/article/view/114.

White, A., Philogene, G.S., Fine, L. & Shina, S. et al. (2009). Social support and self-reported health status of older adults in the United States. American Journal of Public Health, 99(10), 1872-1878. DOI:10.2105/AJPH.2008.146894.