Impacto del entorno urbano del centro escolar en la salud física del alumnado: tendencias en ciudades españolas
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.37230/CyTET.2026.228.11Palabras clave:
Urbanismo, Salud física, Barrio, Entorno construido, Escala intermediaResumen
Desde el primer tercio del siglo XX hasta la actualidad, el interés por el entorno escolar y su relación con la salud ha crecido de manera constante. Para profundizar en esta línea de investigación, el objetivo principal de este trabajo fue describir y comparar el entorno urbano de 12 centros educativos y la salud física de su alumnado en cuatro ciudades españolas. El estudio analizó con RStudio un total de 30 variables de medición de características de entorno escolar (variables macro espaciales y micro espaciales) y la salud física de 387 adolescentes. A través de un análisis descriptivo-comparativo de variables entorno escolar-salud, tomando como unidad de análisis el Instituto de Educación Obligatoria, se obtuvieron 2208 comparaciones. A partir de las mismas se identificaron: dos patrones de características urbanas que favorecen la composición de barrios saludables y dos patrones que disminuyen la salud física del alumnado. La relación entre entorno urbano y salud física parece no depender de la ciudad, sino de las características específicas del entorno escolar, identificándose tendencias diferenciadas. Estos hallazgos respaldan la posibilidad de intervenciones urbanas específicas a escala de barrio para aumentar la salud de la población adolescente.
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