Intervenciones no farmacológicas y calidad de vida en mujeres supervivientes de cáncer de mama con receptores hormonales sometidas a terapia endocrina adyuvante: Una revisión sistemática
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.23938/ASSN.1176Palabras clave:
Supervivientes de Cáncer, Cáncer de Mama, Antineoplásicos Hormonales, Calidad de Vida, Revisión SistemáticaResumen
Fundamento. La terapia endocrina (TE) es el tratamiento del cáncer de mama con receptores hormonales; reduce el riesgo de recidiva y la mortalidad, pero presenta efectos secundarios que disminuyen la calidad de vida (CdV). El objetivo es sintetizar la evidencia sobre el impacto de las intervenciones no farmacológicas sobre la CdV y sus dimensiones específicas (física, psicológica, social y espiritual) en mujeres supervivientes de cáncer de mama (SCM).
Métodos. Revisión sistemática siguiendo las directrices Cochrane y PRISMA, registrada en PROSPERO (CRD42024524238). Se recuperaron estudios publicados entre enero de 2013 y octubre de 2025 en PubMed, Cochrane Library, Scopus y Web of Science. Se incluyeron ensayos clínicos aleatorizados que evaluaban la CdV de SCM mayores de 18 años y sometidas a TE. Debido a la heterogeneidad metodológica y clínica, se realizó una síntesis narrativa y no un meta análisis. El riesgo de sesgo se evaluó con la herramienta RoB 2.
Resultados. Se incluyeron siete estudios, con 713 participantes. Se analizaron intervenciones no farmacológicas como ejercicio físico, hidroterapia, fisioterapia y programas de promoción de la salud. Las intervenciones basadas en ejercicio físico mejoraron significativamente la CdV, tanto global como algunas dimensiones.
Conclusiones. Los resultados de las intervenciones no farmacológicas en SCM sometidas a TE sobre la CdV son variables. Aunque el ejercicio físico parece una intervención prometedora, la elevada heterogeneidad metodológica y la limitada evidencia disponible impiden establecer conclusiones definitivas. Las investigaciones futuras deberían centrarse en enfoques estandarizados.
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Instituto de Salud Carlos III
Números de la subvención PI21/00894
