Mantenimiento a largo plazo de los beneficios emocionales de la estimulación cognitiva en el deterioro cognitivo temprano

Autores/as

  • Isabel Gómez-Soria University of Zaragoza. Faculty of Health Sciences. Department of Physiatry and Nursing. Zaragoza. Spain. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0061-3312
  • Juan Nicolás Cuenca-Zaldivar Servicio Madrileño de Salud. Primary Health Center “El Abajon”. Las Rozas de Madrid, Madrid. Spain https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6787-3944
  • Bárbara Oliván-Blazquez University of Zaragoza. Faculty of Social and Labor Sciences. Department of Psychology and Sociology, Zaragoza. Spain. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6565-9699
  • Alejandra Aguilar-Latorre University of Zaragoza. Faculty of Human Sciences and Education. Department of Psychology and Sociology. Huesca. Spain https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2683-7346
  • Rosa Mª Magallón-Botaya University of Zaragoza. Faculty of Medicine. Department of Medicine, Psychiatry and Dermatology. Zaragoza. Spain.
  • Estela Calatayud University of Zaragoza. Faculty of Health Sciences. Department of Physiatry and Nursing. Zaragoza. Spain https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4307-796X

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.23938/ASSN.1164

Palabras clave:

Deterioro Cognitivo Leve , Entrenamiento Cognitivo, Atención Primaria, Ansiedad, Depresión

Resumen

Fundamento. Evaluar los efectos a largo plazo (12 meses) de la estimulación cognitiva computarizada (ECC) frente a actividades de ocio estimulantes en adultos con deterioro cognitivo subjetivo (DCS) y deterioro cognitivo leve (DCL).

Métodos. Seguimiento a 12 meses de un ensayo clínico aleatorizado simple ciego realizado en centros de atención primaria de Zaragoza, España, con 50 adultos de ≥50 años con DCS o DCL. Los participantes fueron asignados a ECC (GI1, n=18), actividades de ocio (GI2, n=16) o un grupo control (GC, n=16). El resultado principal fue la función cognitiva global y los resultados secundarios incluyeron memoria, fluidez verbal, actividades de la vida diaria y estado de ánimo. Los tamaños de efecto se calcularon eta cuadrado parcial (η2p) con bootstrapping.

Resultados. A los 12 meses, se observaron diferencias entre grupos respecto a síntomas depresivos evaluados por el GDS-15 (p=0.005; η2p=0.209) y en los niveles de ansiedad medidos por el Índice de Goldberg (p<0.001; η2p= 0.295). Ambos grupos de intervención (cognitivo y de ocio) mostraron mejoras sostenidas en los síntomas depresivos, mientras que los niveles de ansiedad se mantuvieron estables en los grupos de intervención y empeoraron en el GC.

Conclusión. La participación en ECC o en actividades de ocio se asoció con mejoras sostenidas a largo plazo en los síntomas depresivos y en los niveles de ansiedad, lo que respalda la eficacia de las intervenciones no farmacológicas en el ámbito de la atención primaria.

Descargas

Los datos de descargas todavía no están disponibles.

Biografía del autor/a

Isabel Gómez-Soria, University of Zaragoza. Faculty of Health Sciences. Department of Physiatry and Nursing. Zaragoza. Spain.

University of Zaragoza. Faculty of Health Sciences. Department of Physiatry and Nursing. Zaragoza. Spain. https://ror.org/012a91z28

Institute for Health Research Aragón (IIS Aragón). Zaragoza. Spain. https://ror.org/03njn4610

Juan Nicolás Cuenca-Zaldivar, Servicio Madrileño de Salud. Primary Health Center “El Abajon”. Las Rozas de Madrid, Madrid. Spain

Servicio Madrileño de Salud. Primary Health Center “El Abajon”. Las Rozas de Madrid, Madrid. Spain. https://ror.org/023cbtv31

Puerta de Hierro Health Research Institute - Segovia de Arana (IDIPHISA). Research Group in Nursing and Health Care. Majadahonda, Madrid. Spain. https://ror.org/01e57nb43

Foundation for Biosanitary Research and Innovation in Primary Care (FIIBAP). Madrid. Spain. https://ror.org/02b752x74

Bárbara Oliván-Blazquez, University of Zaragoza. Faculty of Social and Labor Sciences. Department of Psychology and Sociology, Zaragoza. Spain.

University of Zaragoza. Faculty of Social and Labor Sciences. Department of Psychology and Sociology, Zaragoza. Spain. https://ror.org/012a91z28

Institute for Health Research Aragón (IIS Aragón). Zaragoza. Spain. https://ror.org/03njn4610

Alejandra Aguilar-Latorre, University of Zaragoza. Faculty of Human Sciences and Education. Department of Psychology and Sociology. Huesca. Spain

University of Zaragoza. Faculty of Human Sciences and Education. Department of Psychology and Sociology. Huesca. Spain. https://ror.org/012a91z28

Institute for Health Research Aragón (IIS Aragón). Zaragoza. Spain. https://ror.org/03njn4610

Rosa Mª Magallón-Botaya, University of Zaragoza. Faculty of Medicine. Department of Medicine, Psychiatry and Dermatology. Zaragoza. Spain.

University of Zaragoza. Faculty of Medicine. Department of Medicine, Psychiatry and Dermatology. Zaragoza. Spain. https://ror.org/012a91z28

Institute for Health Research Aragón (IIS Aragón). Zaragoza. Spain. https://ror.org/03njn4610

Estela Calatayud, University of Zaragoza. Faculty of Health Sciences. Department of Physiatry and Nursing. Zaragoza. Spain

University of Zaragoza. Faculty of Health Sciences. Department of Physiatry and Nursing. Zaragoza. Spain. https://ror.org/012a91z28

Institute for Health Research Aragón (IIS Aragón). Zaragoza. Spain. https://ror.org/03njn4610

Citas

1. SONG J, YANG H, YAN H, LU Q, GUO L, ZHENG H et al. Structural disruption in subjective cognitive decline and mild cognitive impairment. Brain Imaging Behav 2024;18(6):1536-1548. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11682-024-00933-3

2. HE X, LIU C, LI Z, CAI X. Leisure activity interventions on cognition in mild cognitive impairment patients: a meta-analysis. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2025;1671-1687. https://doi.org/10.2147/NDT.S536627

3. GUO W, CHENG G, LI W, WANG B. Association between leisure activities and subjective memory complaints in older adults: A cross-sectional study. Geriatr Nurs 2025;64:103387. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gerinurse.2025.103387

4. CHEN LH, LEE OL, LEE YW, NG ST, YUEN J, YI S et al. Effectiveness of cognitive stimulation for individuals with mild cognitive impairment : A systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ Open 2025;15:e090767. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2024-090767

5. CHEN C, HUANG N, HU B, ZHANG M, YUAN J. The effectiveness of digital technology interventions for cognitive function in older adults : a systematic review and meta ‑ analysis of randomized controlled trials. GeroScience 2025;47(2):653-683. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11357-024-01446-z

6. GÓMEZ-SORIA I, CUENCA-ZALDÍVAR JN, OLIVÁN-BLÁZQUEZ B, AGUILAR-LATORRE A, MAGALLÓN-BOTAYA RM, CALATAYUD E. Differential effects of computerized cognitive stimulation versus stimulating leisure activities on mood and global cognition in adults with subjective and mild cognitive impairment: A randomized controlled trial. An Sist Sanit Navar 2025;48(3):e1136. https://doi.org/10.23938/assn.1136

7. GÓMEZ-SORIA I, OLIVÁN BLAZQUEZ B, AGUILAR-LATORRE A, CUENCA-ZALDÍVAR JN, MAGALLÓN BOTAYA RM, CALATAYUD E. Effects of a personalised, adapted computerised cognitive stimulation programme versus stimulating leisure activities in younger and older adults with mild or subjective cognitive impairment. Protocol for a randomised controlled trial. An Sist Sanit Navar 2025;48(1):e1118. https://doi.org/10.23938/ASSN.1118

8. GÓMEZ-SORIA I, FERREIRA C, OLIVÁN-BLÁZQUEZ B, AGUILAR-LATORRE A, CALATAYUD E. Effects of cognitive stimulation program on cognition and mood in older adults, stratified by cognitive levels: A randomized controlled trial. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 2023;110:104984.

9. KOLLER M, STAHEL WA. Sharpening Wald-type inference in robust regression for small samples. Comput Stat Data Anal 2011;55(8):2504-2515. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.csda.2011.02.014

10. THABANE L, MBUAGBAW L, ZHANG S, SAMAAN Z, MARCUCCI M, YE C et al . A tutorial on sensitivity analyses in clinical trials: the what, why, when and how. BMC Med Res Methodol 2013;13(1):92. http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2288/13/92

11. LAM LCW, CHAN WC, LEUNG T, FUNG AWT, LEUNG EMF. Would older adults with mild cognitive impairment adhere to and benefit from a structured lifestyle activity intervention to enhance cognition ?: A cluster randomized controlled trial. PLoS One 2015;10(3):e0118173. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0118173

12. GAITÁN A, GAROLERA M, CERULLA N, CHICO G, RODRIGUEZ-QUEROL M, CANELA-SOLER J. Efficacy of an adjunctive computer-based cognitive training program in amnestic mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer’s disease: A single-blind, randomized clinical trial. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 2013;28(1):91-99. https://doi.org/10.1002/gps.3794

13. LI BY, HE NY, QIAO Y, XU HM, LU YZ, CUI PJ et al. Computerized cognitive training for Chinese mild cognitive impairment patients: A neuropsychological and fMRI study. NeuroImage: Clinical 2019;22:101691. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nicl.2019.101691

14. DUFF K, YING J, SUHRIE KR, DALLEY BCA, ATKINSON TJ, PORTER SM et al. Computerized cognitive training in amnestic mild cognitive impairment: A randomized clinical trial. J Geriatr Psychiatry Neurol 2022;35(3):400-409. https://doi.org/10.1177/08919887211006

15. GÓMEZ-SORIA I, ESTEBAN EMA, BRUTON AG, PERALTA-MARRUPE P. Análisis del efecto a largo plazo de un programa de estimulación cognitiva en mayores con deterioro cognitivo leve en Atención Primaria: Ensayo controlado aleatorizado. Atención Primaria 2021;53(7):102053. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aprim.2021.102053

16. GÓMEZ-SORIA I, BRANDÍN-DE LA CRUZ N, CUENCA ZALDÍVAR JN, CALVO S, HERRERO P, CALATAYUD E. Effectiveness of personalized cognitive stimulation in older adults with mild possible cognitive impairment: A 12-month follow-up cognitive stimulation in mild cognitive impairment. Clin Gerontol 2022;45(4):878-890. https://doi.org/10.1080/07317115.2021.1937764

17. SARAGIH ID, HWANG P, YADAV D, QIU L, FICK DM, SUNDAR SS et al. Efficacy of digital cognitive stimulation therapy for people with dementia: A systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Geriatr 2026; 26:700. https://doi.org/10.1186/ s12877-026-07180-9

18. VÁSQUEZ-CARRASCO E, HUENCHUQUEN C, FERRÓN C, HERNANDEZ-MARTINEZ J, FLORIANO LANDIM S, HELBIG F et al. Effectiveness of leisure-focused occupational therapy interventions in middle-aged and older people with mild cognitive impairment: A systematic review. Healthcare 2024;12(24):2521. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare12242521

19. HONG YJ, JANG EH, HWANG J, ROH JH, LEE JH. The efficacy of cognitive intervention programs for mild cognitive impairment: A systematic review. Curr Alzheimer Res 2015;12(6):527-542. https://doi.org/10.2174/1567205012666150530201636

20. ROLANDI E, DODICH A, MANDELLI S, CANESSA N, FERRARI C, RIBALDI F et al. Targeting brain health in subjective cognitive decline: insights from a multidomain randomized controlled trial. Aging Clin Exp Res 2025;37(1):151. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40520-025-03062-z

21. RENOBELL V, GÓMEZ PONCE M, FUENTES DE FRUTOS S. Satisfacción de vida y uso de internet y pantallas en adultos mayores en España. Acciones e Investigaciones Sociales 2026;47:206-223. hppts//doi.org/10.26754/ojs_ais/accionesinvestig.soc..20254711314

Descargas

Publicado

28-08-2026

Cómo citar

1.
Gómez-Soria I, Cuenca-Zaldivar JN, Oliván-Blazquez B, Aguilar-Latorre A, Magallón-Botaya RM, Calatayud E. Mantenimiento a largo plazo de los beneficios emocionales de la estimulación cognitiva en el deterioro cognitivo temprano. An Sist Sanit Navar [Internet]. 28 de agosto de 2026 [citado 4 de septiembre de 2026];49(2):e1164. Disponible en: https://recyt.fecyt.es/index.php/ASSN/article/view/119702

Número

Sección

Artículos originales breves

Datos de los fondos

Artículos similares

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 > >> 

También puede Iniciar una búsqueda de similitud avanzada para este artículo.